System Architecture

Advanced Energy Storage & Power System Technology

Technical architecture of the hardware, power electronics, control software, and grid-forming systems engineered into Ultrathon Electric energy infrastructure projects.

Storage Hardware

Containerised BESS Architecture

Modular, high-energy-density storage systems engineered for continuous duty cycles, tropical ambient conditions, and multi-decade operational life in grid-scale and industrial applications.

CELL & MODULE
BESS-01

LFP & Sodium-Ion Cell Chemistry

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) prismatic cells and emerging Sodium-ion chemistries selected for superior thermal stability, >6,000-cycle life, and superior safety profiles under tropical ambient conditions (up to 45°C ambient).

  • • Cell-level voltage monitoring via precision BMS
  • • Modular rack architecture (50–250 kWh per rack)
  • • C-rate: 0.5C to 2C charge/discharge
  • • DOD: ≥90% usable capacity
THERMAL MANAGEMENT
BESS-02

Liquid Cooling & HVAC Integration

Active liquid-cooled thermal management maintains cell operating temperature within 20–35°C, extending cycle life and preventing thermal runaway propagation in containerized deployments rated for IEC 62619 compliance.

  • • Glycol-water coolant loop with CRAC units
  • • Cell-to-cell thermal propagation barriers
  • • NFPA 855 fire suppression pre-wired
  • • IP55-rated container enclosures
CONTAINER INTEGRATION
BESS-03

Turnkey 20/40ft BESS Container Units

Factory-assembled and pre-tested BESS containers incorporating battery racks, PCS, MV transformer, BMS, EMS, HVAC, and fire suppression — enabling rapid site deployment with single cable interconnection.

  • • 1–5 MWh per 40ft container unit
  • • Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) before dispatch
  • • IEC 62933 / IEC 60529 compliant
  • • Stackable for MW-scale deployments
Power Electronics

Power Conversion Systems (PCS) & Grid-Forming Control

Bi-directional 4-quadrant PCS inverters delivering millisecond grid support, synthetic inertia, frequency regulation, and black-start capabilities for mission-critical grid applications.

PCS Architecture PCS-GFC-01

Bi-Directional 4-Quadrant PCS Inverters

Medium-voltage bi-directional PCS with 4-quadrant operation enables simultaneous active and reactive power control — critical for grid frequency support, peak shaving, and renewable firming applications.

  • • Response time: <20ms for frequency response (FFR)
  • • THD: <3% at full load (IEEE 519 compliant)
  • • Power factor control: 0.85 lead to 0.85 lag
  • • Efficiency: ≥98% at rated load
  • • DC bus voltage: 800V–1500V range
Grid-Forming PCS-GFC-02

Grid-Forming Inverter Control & Synthetic Inertia

Grid-forming (GFM) control algorithms emulate synchronous generator behaviour — providing synthetic inertia, voltage source operation, and black-start capability without dependence on the existing grid frequency reference.

  • • Virtual synchronous machine (VSM) control mode
  • • Island detection and seamless grid reconnection
  • • Black-start capability for critical load restoration
  • • ROCOF withstand: ±2 Hz/s (CEA grid code)
  • • Droop control: primary frequency & voltage regulation
Control Architecture

BMS, EMS & SCADA Control Hierarchy

Three-layer control architecture ensuring cell-level protection, asset-level energy optimisation, and plant-level grid dispatch — all integrated with SLDC and RLDC telemetry requirements.

LAYER 01 / CELL PROTECTION

Battery Management System (BMS)

Cell-level BMS monitors individual cell voltage, temperature, and state-of-charge (SOC) across every rack — providing balancing, protection, and real-time diagnostics to the EMS layer via CAN/RS485 or Modbus TCP.

  • • Cell-level over/under voltage protection
  • • SOC / SOH / SOE estimation algorithms
  • • Active and passive cell balancing
  • • Thermal runaway early-warning analytics
LAYER 02 / ENERGY OPTIMISATION

Energy Management System (EMS)

Asset-level EMS executes dispatch strategies — peak shaving, arbitrage, frequency regulation, or renewable firming — based on grid signals, tariff schedules, and SLDC dispatch commands received via RTU/DNP3 protocol.

  • • Multi-mode dispatch: FFR, FCR, BESS arbitrage
  • • Load forecasting & SoC optimisation
  • • DNP3 / IEC 61968 / MODBUS TCP integration
  • • Setpoint tracking with <100ms response
LAYER 03 / PLANT TELEMETRY

SCADA & Grid Operator Integration

Plant-level SCADA aggregates data from all BESS containers, PCS inverters, and grid metering — transmitting real-time power flow, energy throughput, and alarm states to SLDC/RLDC control centres via IEC 60870-5-104 or ICCP.

  • • IEC 60870-5-104 / ICCP telemetry to SLDC
  • • OPC-UA server for third-party integration
  • • Redundant SCADA servers with UPS backup
  • • Cybersecurity: IEC 62351 compliant architecture
Grid Code & Standards

Grid Interconnection Standards & Regulatory Compliance

All Ultrathon Electric projects are engineered to satisfy CEA, CEIG, and IEGC technical standards — ensuring seamless integration with PGCIL, ISTS, and state transmission utility grid infrastructure.

Indian Grid Standards CEA-IEGC-2023

CEA Technical Standards & IEGC Grid Code Compliance

All HV/MV interconnection designs comply with CEA Technical Standards for Construction, Operation and Maintenance (TCOM) regulations and the Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC) issued by CERC — mandatory for any ISTS-connected generation or storage project.

  • • CEA (Technical Standards for Grid Connectivity) Regulations
  • • IEGC: Frequency, voltage, and reactive power limits
  • • CERC BESS Connectivity Regulations (2023)
  • • State Grid Connectivity Regulations (SERC)
  • • CEIG inspection clearance for energisation
IEC / IEEE Standards IEC-62933-61850

International Electrotechnical Standards for BESS & Grid

Equipment specification, testing, and commissioning protocols adhere to IEC and IEEE standards ensuring global-grade reliability, interoperability, and safety certification for all BESS, PCS, and substation assets.

  • • IEC 62933 — BESS performance & safety testing
  • • IEC 62619 — Safety for large-format LFP batteries
  • • IEC 61850 — Substation communication & SAS
  • • IEEE 1547 — Interconnection of distributed resources
  • • NFPA 855 — Fire code for ESS installations
Solar Generation

Utility-Scale Solar PV Technology Stack

Technology selection and system design philosophy for high-yield, long-life utility-scale ground-mount solar PV plants integrated with BESS and high-voltage evacuation infrastructure.

MODULE TECH

Bifacial TOPCon & PERC Modules

Bifacial TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) and PERC high-efficiency modules with ≥22.5% front-side efficiency and rear-side gain of 10–20% on single-axis tracking systems.

TRACKER SYSTEMS

Single-Axis Trackers (SAT)

Horizontal single-axis tracking systems with backtracking algorithms delivering 15–25% higher energy yield versus fixed-tilt, using terrain-adaptive motors and wind-stow safety protocols.

INVERTER TOPOLOGY

String & Central Inverter Stations

High-density string inverter stations (100–250 kW per unit) with decentralised MPPT maximising energy harvest at row level, combined with step-up pooling transformers to MV collection.

YIELD MONITORING

PR Ratio & Irradiance Analytics

Class-A pyranometers, soiling sensors, and IV curve tracers integrated with plant SCADA for real-time Performance Ratio (PR) computation, soiling loss trending, and string-fault detection.

Project Consultation & RFP

Explore Technology Integration for Your Infrastructure Project

Our engineering leads at IMT Manesar, Delhi NCR are ready to evaluate single-line diagrams, PCS specifications, BESS sizing, and grid interconnection requirements.

HQ: IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 0124-4273124 sales@ultrathonelectric.com